| Pakistan | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Location | Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west | |||||||||||||||||||
| National websites | http://www.pakistan-embassy.com/ http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/5462/ http://www.global-technologies.co.uk/pakinfo/ http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Jungle/2690 http://www.wri.org/sdis/strategs/wdces/pa86_269.html |
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| Embassy / Chancery in U.S. | 2315 Massachusetts
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 (202) 939-6200 |
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| Agencies responsible for biological inventory and conservation | National
MAB Committee Department of Geography/Environmental Planning University of Peshawar N.W.F.P. - Peshawar Telephone: 0521-41015 |
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| Non-governmental organizations concerned with conservation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Major Natural Resources | land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone | |||||||||||||||||||
| Major Environmental and Conservation Issues | Water pollution
from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water
resources; A majority of the population does not have access to potable waste. Deforestation,soil erosion, and desertification are also major issues. |
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| Statistics | Information Sources | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land area | 778,720 Sq. km | http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/5462/ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Area of forest | 0.042 million km2 | http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/pakistan/natur.htm | ||||||||||||||||||
| Area of wetlands | (Sq. km) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Area of territorial waters | 25,220 Sq. km Territorial seas- 12 nm | http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/5462/ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Population: | 132,185,299 (July 1997 est.) | Density: | 176 persons/ Sq. Km | http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/5462/ http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7658/population.html |
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| Area protected (ha) (only areas >1000ha) at all IUCN levels: | Fraction of land area protected (%): | |||||||||||||||||||
| Major Protected Areas | List from Information Center for the Environment | Information Center for the Environment | ||||||||||||||||||
| Endemic Species |
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| Endangered, Threatened and Vulnerable Species |
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World Conservation Monitoring Centre - Animal | ||||||||||||||||||
| Extinct Species |
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World Conservation Monitoring Centre - Animal | ||||||||||||||||||
| Species listed on CITES Appendices | CITES-listed Species Database | |||||||||||||||||||
| Legislation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Laws protecting endangered or threatened species | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Laws protecting endangered ecosystems | Sindh Wildlife Department issued the Sindh Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Signatory to CITES | 7/19/76 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Signatory to Ramsar Wetlands Convention | 2 February 1971 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Signatory to Convention on Biological Diversity | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Signatory to Migratory Bird Treaty | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Member of International Whaling Commission | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Signatory to other international treaties designed to protect or manage biological resources | Party
to : Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation |
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| Natural Resource Use | Information Sources | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fisheries | Pakistan has a very high fish consumption. Over-fishing is
driven by their growing population.They also practice destructive methods of fishing. Methods of fishing include: 1. dynamite fishing 2. fishing using poison 3. trawling |
http://www.wri.org/wri/indictrs/rr-tech.htm#overexploitation | ||||||||||||||||||
| Forestry / deforestation | 5% In Pakistan, only 3.61 mha is used as forest area . They
are trying to increase this number by introducing programs for growing trees in farmlands.
"Production of timber from commercial forests is about 0.5 million m3." |
http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/5462/ http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/pakis-cp.htm#chap10 |
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| Ecotourism | Tourism is crucial in Pakistan in the impact between the physical and socialenviroment. There is a significant interdependence between tourism and the environment. "Because the physical and social environment constitutes the resource base for tourism, tourism has a vested interest in conserving and strengthening this resource base. Hence, conserving and strengthening biodiversity can be said to hold the key to tourism's success." | http://www.monitor.net/~jmko/karakoram/biodiv.htm | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trade in wildlife products | animal oils | http://www.theodora.com/wfb/pakistan_geography.html | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hunting | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other uses of natural resources | Major crops grown in Pakistan includewheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, pulses (gram, mash, mung, lentils, etc.), millets, barley, oats, onions, potatoes, tobacco, oilseeds viz. canola rapeseed and mustard, soybean, sesamum, andgroundnut. | http://www.pak.gov.pk/govt/agri/agri14.htm#3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Human Impacts on Natural Resources | Information Sources | |||||||||||||||||||
| Air pollution | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Water pollution | Rapid population expansion causes coastal congestion which leads to "increasing competition for limited resources, to increased coastal pollution, and to problems related to coastal construction" | http://www.nos.noaa.gov/icri/state.html | ||||||||||||||||||
| Development activities | Technology has allowed "humans to exploit the reef with
mechanical dredges, hydraulic suction, dynamiting, and large-scale poisoning. " Oil Search Would Destroy Pakistan National Park |
http://www.nos.noaa.gov/icri/state.html | ||||||||||||||||||
| Introduced species | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Legislation addressing these issues | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||
| Restoration and Reintroduction | Information Sources | |||||||||||||||||||
| Programs for restoration of damaged habitat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Programs for ex situ conservation (captive breeding and reintroduction) of endangered species | ||||||||||||||||||||
Return to Endangered Species Protection around the World
Page compiled by Angela Cardenas as part of a class project in h90 "The Science of Biodiversity and Conservation" (Peter J. Bryant, Instructor), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA