Sustainable Oceans and Coastal Zones 

1998 United Nations Year of the Oceans
Unit 3

Definition of sustainable development (Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

"Sustainable development is the management and conservation of the natural resource base and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Such sustainable development (in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors) conserves land, water, plant, and animal resources, is environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable, and socially acceptable."


 
Goodland and Daley (1996) Input-Output Rules
 
INPUT RULE for Renewable Resources 
 
 		 The harvest rates of renewable resources SHOULD BE WITHIN the regenerative capacity of the natural system that regenerates them.
INPUT RULE for Non-Renewable Resources The depletion rates of non-renewable resources SHOULD BE EQUAL to the rate at which renewable substitutes are developed. 

Part of the proceeds from liquidating non-renewables SHOULD BE ALLOCATED to researching sustainable alternatives.
 From: Goodland and Daley (1996)
 

 
OUTPUT RULE  Waste emissions SHOULD BE WITHIN the assimiliative capacity of the local environment to absorb without unacceptable degredation of its future waste absorption capacity or other important services.
 From: Goodland and Daley (1996)
 


Shrimp Aquaculture with Low or No Freshwater Use

Al-Thobaiti, S. and C. James. 1996. Shrimp farming in the hypersaline waters of Saudi Arabia. Infofish International 6/96: 26-32.
 


Rehabilitation of Degraded/Diused Shrimp Aquaculture Areas

Stevenson, N. 1997. Coastal Management 25(4): 423-425. Submitted 9 October 1997 by Dr. N. Stevenson, Visiting Fellow, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-3001. Home Institution: Tropical Coastal Management Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK  <njs9@cornell.edu>


General Webliography and Bibliography on Sustainability

The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Sustainable Development
NACA Newsletter
ABD/NACA (1996)
ISEE Forum @ CSF

Dovers, S. 1993. Contradictions in sustainability. Environmental Conservation 20: 217-222.

Dovers, S. and J. Handmer. 1992. Uncertainty, sustainability and change. Global Environmental Change 2: 262-276. Folke, C. et al. 1997. The ecological footprint concept for sustainable seafood production: a review. Ecological Applications, in press.

Goodland, R. and H. Daly. 1996. Environmental sustainability: universal and non-negotiable. Ecological Applications 6: 1002-1017.

Hardin, G. 1993. Living Within Limits. Oxford University Press, N.Y.

Kautsky, N. et al. 1997. Ecological footprint for assessment of resource use and development limitations in shrimp and tilapia aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 28: 753-766.

Odum, E. 1969. The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164: 262-270.

Primavera, J. 1997. Tropical shrimp farming and its sustainability. In: S.S. De Silva (ed.) Tropical Mariculture. Academic Press, London.